Therapy, Trauma Therapy Britney Cirullo Therapy, Trauma Therapy Britney Cirullo

8 Signs of a Bad Therapist

Starting therapy takes courage. Whether you’re seeking support for anxiety, depression, trauma, or life stressors, therapy should feel like a space that is safe, respectful, and supportive.

While many therapists are skilled and ethical, not every therapist is the right fit—and in some cases, a therapist may be doing more harm than good.

Let’s talk about clear signs of a bad therapist (or simply the wrong therapist for you).

1. They Don’t Listen—or Constantly Interrupt

A therapist should be curious about your experience.

Red flags include:

  • Frequently interrupting or talking over you

  • Redirecting sessions to their own agenda

  • Making assumptions without asking questions

Feeling unheard in therapy is not something you should ignore.

2. You Feel Judged, Shamed, or Invalidated

Therapy should never make you feel small or “wrong” for your feelings.

Warning signs include:

  • Minimizing your experiences (“It wasn’t that bad”)

  • Shaming language

  • Blaming you for your symptoms

This is especially harmful for individuals healing from trauma.

3. They Give Excessive or Rigid Advice

While some guidance can be helpful, therapy is not about being told how to live your life.

Be cautious if your therapist:

  • Frequently tells you what you “should” do

  • Pushes their personal beliefs or values

Effective therapy supports your inner decision-making, not dependence on the therapist.

4. There Are Poor or Unclear Boundaries

Ethical boundaries are absolutely essential for safe therapy.

Boundary no-no’s:

  • Oversharing personal details (especially those that burden you rather than foster your healing)

  • Blurring professional roles

  • Ignoring session limits or ethical guidelines

Boundary issues can feel confusing or uncomfortable—even if they seem subtle.

5. They Dismiss Culture, Identity, or Lived Experience

A good therapist is open to learning about your identity and background. A good therapist does not minimize experiences of racism, sexism, or discrimination, and does not assume their worldview applies to everyone. Cultural humility is an essential part of ethical mental health care.

6. Therapy Feels Stuck With No Discussion About Goals

Progress in therapy isn’t always linear—but it should be intentional.

Red flags include:

  • No clear treatment goals

  • No check-ins about progress

  • Months of sessions without direction or reflection

A skilled therapist collaborates with you and adjusts treatment as needed.

7. You Feel Worse Over Time With No Support or Explanation

Therapy can bring up difficult emotions—but this should be done safely and thoughtfully.

Be cautious if:

  • You consistently feel destabilized after sessions

  • The therapist pushes you to revisit trauma without preparation

  • There is no focus on grounding or regulation

Trauma-informed therapy prioritizes nervous system safety.

8. You Don’t Feel Safe Speaking Up

One of the clearest signs something is wrong is feeling afraid to:

  • Ask questions

  • Share concerns

  • Disagree or give feedback

A good therapist welcomes honest conversation and repair.

What a Good Therapist Does Instead

A healthy therapeutic relationship often includes:

  • Feeling heard and respected

  • Collaborative goal-setting

  • Clear boundaries

  • Openness to feedback

  • A sense of safety—even during hard work

Trust your instincts. Discomfort from growth feels different than discomfort from harm.

What to Do If You Think You Have a Bad Therapist

If something feels off, you have options:

  1. Name it – If you feel safe, bring up your concerns directly

  2. Seek a consultation with another therapist

  3. Change therapists – This is allowed and often empowering

  4. Report unethical behavior if boundaries or ethics are violated

You are not “failing therapy” by choosing a better fit.

Good therapy supports growth, safety, and self-trust. If you’re experiencing the opposite, it’s okay to walk away and seek something better.

Written by Mary Beth Stevens, LPCC, BCN

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How Trisha Yearwood Used LENS Neurofeedback to Restore Clarity

When country music singer Trisha Yearwood opened up publicly about her cognitive struggles after COVID, countless people saw themselves in her story. She described experiencing significant brain fog, forgetfulness, and cognitive issues, symptoms many people experience after illness, chronic stress, or trauma, until she tried LENS (Low Energy Neurofeedback System).

What Is LENS Neurofeedback?

LENS, or Low Energy Neurofeedback System, is an FDA-approved direct neurofeedback technology that uses EEG (electroencephalography) to measure the brain’s electrical activity and administer a gentle electromagnetic signal to the brain. This signal helps to stimulate the brain, disrupt ineffective brainwave patterns, create new neural pathways, and improve overall brain functioning. A typical LENS session is simple and noninvasive:

  1. Sensors are placed on either the scalp and ears or the body to read brain activity.

  2. The system sends a very low-energy, brief signal, often lasting just a few seconds.

  3. You may feel nothing in the moment, or you may notice subtle shifts such as relaxation, lightness, or tiredness.

  4. You monitor for continued changes after session, often lasting only 24-48 hours at first.

  5. Sessions are adjusted based on your sensitivity, reactivity symptoms, and reported responses.

Trisha Yearwood’s Experience With LENS

Yearwood shared that after recovering from a mild case of COVID, she was left with persistent cognitive issues, such as difficulty recalling familiar words, trouble with focus and forgetfulness, and brain fog. These symptoms are hallmarks of both long COVID and chronic stress. She experienced initial hesitation because she “didn’t understand what this does,” but after a friend recommended it, she decided to try it. According to Yearwood, she noticed:

  • Significantly improved sleep, stating that it was the best sleep she had in 10 years

  • Reduced brain fog and improved mental clarity, stating that her brain feels like it did in her 30’s

  • How gentle and passive the treatment felt, emphasizing that sessions are short and don’t require talking like traditional therapy does

To her, the changes felt so profound that she referred to LENS as “life-changing.”

Considering LENS Neurofeedback?

Although effectiveness can vary by condition, over 85% of clients are reported to benefit significantly, and often dramatically, from LENS. LENS can be used to improve symptoms associated with the following conditions:

  • Neurodevelopmental and behavioral conditions

  • Mental health conditions and emotional dysregulation

  • Brain, cognitive, and neurological conditions

  • Sleep issues

  • Addictions and dependences

  • Chronic pain

  • Trauma and stress

In a world where our nervous systems are constantly overstimulated by technology, emotional overload, or simply the pace of daily life, LENS offers something unique: a quiet, gentle nudge back towards balance. It doesn’t force the brain to change; it simply reminds it of its capabilities. If you’re curious about how you might benefit from LENS, we’d love to talk with you and explore whether it could be a good fit. You can schedule a free consultation call through our website.

You can also refer to our page on LENS or Ochs Labs website directly for more information: https://main.ochslabs.com/about/

Watch the full interview with Tricia here (she starts talking about LENS 30 minutes in).


Written by: Hailey Adams, M.Ed., LPC

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Intention Setting in Ketamine-Assisted Therapy: Why It Matters

If you are new to learning about KAP, check out our blog KAP: What You Need to Know

Ketamine-assisted therapy (KAP) has been increasingly popular, and while much attention is often placed on the medicine itself, one of the most important parts of the process happens before a session begins: intention setting. 

Intention setting is about creating a gentle inner compass, something that helps guide reflection, emotional openness, and meaning-making throughout the therapeutic process.

What Is Intention Setting?

In the context of ketamine-assisted therapy, intention setting is a collaborative process between client and therapist that helps clarify what the client hopes to explore, understand, or approach during treatment. Unlike a goal, which is outcome-oriented (“I want to fix this problem”), an intention is process-oriented (“I want to approach this experience with curiosity” or “I want to better understand my emotions”).

In KAP, intentions help anchor the experience within a therapeutic framework rather than viewing it as something random or disconnected from personal growth. An intention is not a demand or expectation for a specific outcome. It is a point of focus that supports curiosity, emotional openness, and reflection throughout the therapeutic process.

Examples of intentions may include:

  • Developing greater self-compassion

  • Exploring emotional patterns with curiosity

  • Gaining insight into stress, mood, or relationships

  • Practicing openness to internal experience

Why Intention Setting Matters in KAP

KAP is designed to support new perspectives and emotional flexibility. Intention setting helps in several key ways:

  • Creates psychological safety
    Reflecting on an intention beforehand can help a client feel more grounded and prepared.

  • Provides direction without pressure
    An intention offers a reference point. If the experience moves in an unexpected direction, the intention can still serve as a support to come back to.

  • Supports integration after the session
    Intentions give therapists and clients a shared language to reflect on insights and emotions during follow-up integration sessions.

  • Keeps therapy values-centered
    The focus stays on healing, self-understanding, and emotional growth—not on the medicine itself.

What Makes a Supportive Intention?

Clients are encouraged to keep their intention open, compassionate, and flexible. Helpful intentions tend to: 

  • Be framed with curiosity rather than judgment

  • Focus on awareness instead of control

  • Allow space for emotions, memories, or insights to arise naturally

Examples of gentle, non-directive intentions might include:

  • “I want to listen to what my inner experience is showing me.”

  • “I want to explore my relationship with stress more kindly.”

  • “I want to practice letting go of resistance.”

There is no “perfect” intention. Even noticing uncertainty can be a meaningful place to start. For example, “I don’t know what I need, but I’m open to learning” 

Intention Setting as a Collaborative Process

Intention setting is done in collaboration with a trained mental health professional. Your therapist will work with you to explore what feels meaningful, emotionally safe, and aligned with your therapeutic goals, taking into account your history, current concerns, and readiness for treatment. Intentions can evolve. What feels right before a session may shift afterward, and that’s part of the work. Therapy is not about getting it “right,” but about staying engaged with the process.

Integration: Where Intentions Come Full Circle 

After a KAP session, intention setting continues to play a role during integration.—the reflective therapy work that helps translate insights into everyday life. Revisiting the original intention can help clients notice:

  • What themes emerged

  • What emotions felt significant

  • What new questions or perspectives arose

  • Areas for continued growth

Sometimes the most valuable outcome isn’t an answer, but a deeper sense of self-compassion or insight gained.

Intention setting can help transform an experience into meaningful therapeutic work.

When approached with care, guidance, and reflection, intention setting can help ensure that KAP remains what it is meant to be: a structured, ethical, and deeply human process of healing.

Written by: Olivia Clark, LPCC, BCN

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Understanding Dissociation: Signs, Symptoms, and Brain-Based Treatment Options

Dissociation is one of the most misunderstood mental health experiences—but it’s incredibly common. Many people live with dissociation without realizing what’s happening or why their mind seems to “check out” during stress, conflict, or emotional overwhelm.

In our practice, we specialize in brain-based therapy for dissociation, including neurofeedback and EMDR therapy, which help clients reconnect with their bodies, regulate their nervous systems, and safely process the root causes of dissociation.

Whether you experience mild spacing out or more intense detachment, this article will help you understand what dissociation is, why it happens, and how modern brain-based treatments can contribute long-term healing.

What Is Dissociation?

Dissociation is the brain’s way of protecting you when it senses danger or emotional overload. Instead of going into fight-or-flight, the mind might:

  • shut down

  • disconnect

  • numb out

  • escape inward

There can shame around dissociation when we begin to realize it's a stress response. But dissociation is not a weakness—it’s a survival strategy. Many people experience dissociation related to:

  • trauma or adverse childhood experiences

  • chronic stress

  • emotional neglect

  • overwhelming anxiety

  • sensory overload

  • long-term nervous system dysregulation

Understanding dissociation is the first step toward healing it.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Dissociation

Dissociation, like so many mental states, exists on a spectrum. For some people, it shows up subtly; for others, it can be intense and disruptive.

Here are the most common signs of dissociation:

1. Feeling “Checked Out” or Numb

A sense of emotional flatness or detachment from feelings.

2. Losing Time or Having Memory Gaps

You may not remember parts of conversations, events, or your day.

3. Feeling Disconnected From Yourself

A sense of watching yourself from the outside, or feeling like you’re not fully in your body.

4. Feeling Disconnected From Reality

The world may feel foggy, dreamlike, or unreal.

5. Difficulty Focusing

Trouble staying present, hearing information, or staying engaged in tasks.

6. Automatic or Robotic Behavior

Going through the motions without feeling mentally “there.”

7. Emotional Shutdown During Conflict

You may freeze, go blank, or feel like you disappeared inside.

Dissociation becomes problematic when it interferes with daily life, relationships, or functioning—or when you feel you have no control over it.

Why Dissociation Happens: The Brain-Based Explanation

Dissociation is fundamentally a nervous system response. When the brain perceives danger and believes fight or flight won’t work, it may shift into:

  • freeze

  • shutdown

  • collapse

  • detachment

This is regulated by neural circuits in the brain responsible for threat detection and survival. Over time, if someone experiences repeated stress or trauma, the brain learns that dissociation is the safest option—and begins using it even during non-dangerous situations.

This is why many people say:

  • “I go numb when emotions get too big.”

  • “I disappear inside during arguments.”

  • “My brain shuts down without warning.”

It’s not intentional—your brain is doing exactly what it learned to do to keep you safe.

Brain-Based Treatment Options for Dissociation

Healing dissociation is absolutely possible, especially when treatments address the nervous system, not just thoughts or behaviors. The most effective approaches help retrain the brain to feel safe enough to stay present.

Below are two of the most research-backed, brain-based treatments available.

1. Neurofeedback Therapy for Dissociation

Neurofeedback helps stabilize the brain and reduce the shutdown patterns that contribute to dissociation. It trains brainwave activity so the nervous system feels calmer, more regulated, and more connected.

Potential benefits of neurofeedback for dissociation include:

  • increasing here and now presence

  • improved emotional regulation

  • decreased freeze and shutdown responses

  • greater focus and awareness

  • greater ability to stay connected during therapy

  • reduced overwhelm and nervous system overload

Many clients report that neurofeedback helps them feel “anchored” in their body in a way they’ve never felt before.

2. EMDR Therapy for Dissociation

EMDR therapy is one of the most powerful tools for treating trauma, which is often at the root of dissociation. But EMDR is especially effective because it:

  • helps reprocess traumatic memories

  • reduces the need for dissociation as a coping mechanism

  • integrates fragmented experiences

  • builds the brain’s tolerance for emotional material

  • strengthens the ability to stay present during stress

EMDR helps the brain complete the processing that dissociation has been blocking. For clients with significant dissociation, EMDR is often paired with stabilization work and nervous system strengthening before deeper reprocessing begins. This ensures therapy feels safe, grounded, and productive.

Why Combining Neurofeedback + EMDR Works Best

For many clients, dissociation is rooted both in brainwave dysregulation and unprocessed trauma. This is why combining neurofeedback and EMDR often leads to the fastest, most stable improvements. Together, they help clients:

  • build nervous system capacity

  • stay present and grounded

  • process trauma without shutting down

  • reduce dissociative episodes

  • increase emotional resilience

  • reconnect with their bodies

  • strengthen long-term stability

This integrated approach treats dissociation at the source—not just the symptoms.

Dissociation is a natural response to overwhelming experiences, but it doesn’t have to remain your default. With the right support, your brain can learn new patterns, reconnect with your body, and feel safe enough to stay present. Our practice specializes in neurofeedback therapy, EMDR therapy, and trauma-informed treatment designed specifically for clients struggling with dissociation. If you’re ready to feel more grounded, more connected, and more in control, we’re here to help.



Written by: Mary Beth Stevens, LPCC, BCN

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Mental Health, Trauma Therapy Britney Cirullo Mental Health, Trauma Therapy Britney Cirullo

10 Signs of a Trauma-Informed Therapist

Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming, especially if you have a history of trauma or complex life experiences. A trauma-informed therapist isn’t defined by one specific technique. Instead, they understand how trauma shapes the brain, body, and relationships, and they create a space where healing can happen safely and at your pace. After sifting through therapy practice websites and psychology today profiles, you finally get a consult call scheduled… But now what? Here are 10 signs to help you gauge whether or not a therapist is trauma-informed:

  1. They Prioritize Safety Above All Else

Healing cannot happen without a sense of safety: emotional, relational, and physical. A trauma-informed therapist intentionally creates a safe space, emphasizing choice, consent, and collaboration. You may notice that they:

  • Check in with you regularly

  • Never push you to disclose details before you're ready

  • Practice regulation strategies with you in session

  • Are mindful of your sensory sensitivities and preferences

A question you might ask: “How do you create a safe and supportive environment for trauma survivors?”

2. They Understand How Trauma is Stored in the Body

Trauma isn’t a story we narrate and analyze but rather a collection of emotions and experiences we store in our nervous system. A trauma-informed therapist understands this and incorporates nervous system regulation strategies like sensory grounding, breathwork, mindfulness meditation, or somatic movement before diving into deeper work. Everyone has a “window of tolerance”, or emotional range where we can process information without shutting down or becoming overwhelmed. Trauma-informed therapists:

  • Attune to your body language, monitoring your cues for dysregulation

  • Slow down or pause when needed

  • Provide grounding, movement, or other regulation strategies, offering to practice them together in session

  • Focus on establishing trust, safety, and stabilization before deeper work

A question you might ask: “How do you handle distress or triggers as they come up in therapy?”

3. They Move at Your Pace

A trauma-informed therapist recognizes that sometimes slow is fast, meaning that rushing the process can be harmful, not helpful. They regularly check in about:

  • Whether you feel ready to explore something deeper

  • What feels overwhelming or too intense

While they may ask questions to understand your experiences, there is no expectation to share more than you’re ready to share.

A question you might ask: “What’s your intake process like?”

4. They Recognize Protective Parts and Defense Mechanisms as a Normal Part of the Therapeutic Process

Trauma-informed care is rooted in compassion and curiosity. A trauma-informed therapist recognizes that symptoms like irritability, avoidance, or hypervigilance are survival strategies that likely protected you at some point in your life. Rather than pathologizing your behaviors, they help you understand them with compassion and clarity.

A question you might ask: “How do you handle protective parts and defense mechanisms as they come up in therapy?”

5. They Are Grounded in Evidence-Based Trauma Modalities

While treating trauma is not a “one size fits all” approach, many therapists have specialized training in trauma-informed modalities such as:

  • EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)

  • Somatic therapy

  • Internal Family Systems (IFS)/Parts work

  • Polyvagal theory

  • Trauma-Focused CBT/DBT

Your therapist doesn’t need to use all of these, but they should be comfortable explaining their approach.

A question you might ask: “What training do you have in trauma-informed care?”

6. They Take Time to Answer Questions and Explain the “Why” Behind Their Techniques

Transparency builds trust. A trauma-informed therapist wants you to understand the process so you feel empowered to make decisions about your treatment. They may explain:

  • Why they are suggesting a particular intervention

  • What you can expect during and after a session

A question you might ask: “What do you consider informed consent throughout treatment?”

7. They Encourage Feedback and Repair Ruptures Without Defense

The therapeutic relationship is proven to be the most important factor in a client’s therapy outcomes. A trauma-informed therapist will prioritize the therapeutic relationship above all else, recognizing that humans are relational beings and therefore need relational safety to heal. They encourage you to say things like:

  • “I’m not sure this approach is working.”

  • “It upset me when you responded that way.”

  • “I don’t like how that session went.”

  • “I feel uncomfortable with that.”

Instead of reacting defensively, a trauma-informed therapist will respond with curiosity, validation, and a willingness to adjust.

8. They Consider You to be the Expert in the Room

Trauma often involves a loss of control. A trauma-informed therapist emphasizes collaboration, not power. They encourage choice by offering options and welcoming feedback. You’re a partner in the therapy process, not a passive participant. No one can be an expert on your life experiences except you!

9. They Create a Culturally Sensitive Space

Trauma doesn’t exist in a vacuum. A trauma-informed therapist considers the impact of individual identity, culture, race, gender, sexuality, systemic oppression, and environmental factors. They work to create a space that is:

  • Inclusive

  • Affirming

  • Respectful of your lived experiences

A question you might ask: “How do you define cultural competence or cultural humility in your work?”

10. They are Continually Learning

Trauma research is constantly evolving, and trauma-informed therapists stay engaged with new information. They reflect on their own biases, seek supervision, and invest in ongoing education. Their humility is part of what keeps therapy safe.

Trauma can make it hard to trust others, including therapists. Recognizing the signs of trauma-informed care can help you choose someone who honors your story and empowers your healing.

Written by: Hailey Adams, M.Ed., LPC

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